SMKB

1. After beginning the water purification process, and completing the first step the color of the water changed from yellowish brown with pieces of black,to yellow brown water, the color of the water is a physical property.The water was a heterogenous colloid. After the water was separated from the oil and filtered through the sand and gravel it became a clear yellow color and its density had changed the water was no longer crowded with black objects; a homogenous structure.The water went through a chemical change and no longer was a suspension. After adding charcoal powder to the yellow colored water, the water became a black solution this was a chemical change. The water was now being filtered and coming out clear and unnecessary particles were being removed.

2. There were a total of four steps in the foul water purification process. The first step was the oil-water separation since we know oil atoms do not mix with water. We used a clean, dry Beral pipet to remove as much of the oil as possible. This helped separate the two liquids otherwise the other steps would not be able to occur. Successfully, we were able to get all of the oil out of the water. Next, we completed the sand filtration step during this process, we took a Styrofoam cup and poked holes in the bottom. We added 1-cm layer of gravel on the bottom, 2-cm of sand, and finally another top layer with another 1-cm layer of gravel. After pouring the dirty water into the cup, all of the dirt was removed, and the water went through both a physical and chemical change. This step helped to remove most of the impurities thus allowing for an easier filtration later on. The color changed from a dirty yellow-brown, to a solid yellow color. The third step and final step was the charcoal absorption and filtration. We added a spoonful of charcoal powder to our water and the chemical property of the water changed; it was no longer dirty but charcoal filtered water. We created a filter for the water to go through. We took a ring stand and a small ring, and put a funnel with filter paper over a beaker. This step was the most crucial if the water was not filtered the final result would be un-drinkable water. As a final result, we got crystal clear water man's favorite drinking compound without any unwanted distaste full.

3. The three steps used to filter the “foul water” where oil separation, gravel filtration, and charcoal filtration. With oil separation we had to use pipets to manually remove the oil that sat on top of the water this removed 79.8% of our liquid. With gravel filtration, water quickly ran through a cup full of sand an gravel removing any debris, and leaving the water a light yellow color. With charcoal filtration, the remaining liquid was mixed with charcoal power and dripped slowly through filter paper through several classes this removed a whopping 85% of the water. Out of all three methods, the gravel filtration was most efficient. Not only was it quick but also highly effective leaving the water dramatically clearer and left with 88% of the oil-less liquid. Though the charcoal left the water nearly pure, it was very complicated and extremely slow plus we had left about 60% from what we started out. Also the manual oil removal was also quite time consuming, and very messy. It also was tricky to remove the oil using the tiny pipet. Calculations:

% yield for Oil-water separation 174/218 * 100 = Answer 79.8%

% yield after sand filteration 153/174 * 100 =Answer 88%

% yield after filtration 130/153 * 100 = Answer 85%

overall over % yield 130/ 218* 100 =Answer 60%