JKN

1. As we went through the steps of this lab, a chemical change occurred as well as a chemical property, causing a physical change to occur in the color of this solution. This also caused the physical property to change. In the beginning of the lab the heterogenous mixture was brownish, and contained a variety of different liquid with all different densities. One of them was oil, which did not mix with the water molecules. and like a tan color with little black things that resembled tobacco all around the bottom. After the first step, the water still had the little black things at the bottom, but it was a yellowish color and it was extremely foggy. When we finished the second step the water didn't have the little tobacco-like things, and the water was still a light yellow color but was less foggy. After we put charcoal into the liquid and it turned black, we filtrated it and the end of the lab we had clear water, but it was a little foggy.

2. The first step was to remove the oil from the rest of the suspension. We know this is a suspension because by definition, a suspension is a mixture in which particles are dispersed throughout the bulk of a heterogeneous fluid. We removed the oil by using the Beral pipet to suck up the oil and put it into a separate container. After attempting to remove the oil, there was still a little bit in with the rest of the suspension. The second step was removing the small black grains that resembled tobacco. We did this by putting small holes at the bottom of a styrofoam cup, then put in 1 centimeter of gravel, with 2 centimeter of sand on top of that, with 1 more centimeter of gravel on top. This allowed us to remove all of the tobacco-like grains. The third step was to put charcoal in the mixture and stir it. This causes the impurities that were left in the water to become attracted to the charcoal so they attach by chemical attraction. The fourth and last step was to pour the mixture into a funnel and allow the pure water to drip into a beaker. This is called filtration. After this step, the mixture is gone and all that's left is purified element of water.

3. The oil-water filtration, which was the first step in the lab, wasn't the most efficient way to get the oil out. This step took a lot of water along while using the Beral pipets to suck out the oil in the heterogeneous mixture. There was no way to avoid at least getting a little bit of water out too. This was also shown through the yield which came out to be 83%, showing that a fair amount of water was lost during this process. The second step, the sand filtration, was more efficient then the first step. The yield of water percentage was 90%. This step seemed to work fairly well and it was efficient it didn't take forever to filter. The third step was the charcoal absorption, because there was no water loss there was a 100% yield. This made this step the most efficient step during this experiment. because there was no water loss. The fourth step was the filtration of the charcoal water, this .... Although now we have gone through the 4 steps the water is still not a completely homogenous because of the smell and clearness shows that the water is not completely pure.
 * || Volume || Observation || %Yield ||
 * Before Treatment || 230mL || There is what looks like what would be found in a tea bag at the bottom of the bottle. It is black and it is mostly settled at the bottom. The water is a yellow/brown color. The water also appears to have oil sitting on the top of it. The water smells like italian salad dressing. ||  ||
 * After oil-water filtration || 190mL || Now all the oil has been taken out of the water. There is no longer a top layer of oil. The water now looks the same at the top and the bottom. || 83% yield after oil-water separation ||
 * After sand filtration || 171mL || The water doesn't have anymore black specks at the bottom anymore. The water is now clear of any solid materials. The water still has a yellow/brown color. It now all looks like one substance. || 90% yield after sand filtration ||
 * After Charcoal adsorption || N/A || The charcoal at first sat right on top of the water. Then as we mixed it the water turned a black mucky color. IT was thicker in some spots then in others. ||  ||
 * After Filtration || 93 || The water is much cleaner and clearer then how it started in the beginning. It is only slightly foggy but it is not discolored or have anything floating around in it. The water still has a slight odor but it is not a fowl smell like it was when we first began. It mostly smells like italian dressing. || 54% ||